NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Real Numbers Exercise 1.2

Here is the solution of NCERT Class 10 Maths Chapter 1 Real Number Exercise 1.2. There are 7 Questions in Class 10 NCERT Maths Chapter 1 Real Numbers Exercise 1.2. All 7 Questions under Exercise 1.1 are based on the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. You can go through each one of them one by one.

Question 1: Express each number as a product of its prime factors:

(i) 140

Solution 1 (i): 140 = 22 x 5 x 7

(ii) 156

Solution 1 (ii): 156 = 23 x 7

(iii) 3825

Solution 1 (iii): 3825 = 32 x 52 x 17

(iv) 5005

Solution 1 (iv): 5005 = 5 x 7 x 11 x 13

(v) 7429

Solution 1 (v): 7429 = 17 x 19 x 23

Question 2: Find the LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers and veriry that LCM x HCF = product of the two numbers. 

(i) 26 and 91

Solution 1 (i): 26 and 91

26 = 2 x 13

91 = 7 x 13

HCF = 13

LCM = 14 x 13 = 182

Product of two numbers = 26 x 91 = 2366

HCF x LCM = 13 x 182 = 2366

Hence, it is verified.

(ii) 510 and 92

Solution 1 (ii): 510 and 92

510 = 2 x 3 x 5 x 17

92 = 2 x 2 x 23

HCF = 2

LCM = 4 x 15 x 17 x 23 = 23460

Product of two numbers = 510 x 92 = 46920

HCF x LCM = 2 x 23460 = 46920

Hence, it is verified.

(iii) 336 and 54

Solution 1 (iii): 336 and 54

336 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 7

54 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3

HCF = 6

LCM = 8 x 81 x 7 = 3024

Product of two numbers = 336 x 54 = 18144

HCF x LCM = 6 x 3024 = 18144

Hence, it is verified.

Question 3: Find the LCM and HCF of the following integers by applying the prime factorisation method.

(i) 12, 15 and 21

Solution 3 (i): 12, 15 and 21

12 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 1

15 = 3 x 5 x 1

21 = 3 x 7 x 1

HCF = 3

LCM = 4 x 15 x 7 = 420

(ii) 17, 23 and 29

Solution 3 (ii): 17, 23 and 29

17 = 17 x 1

23 = 23 x 1

29 = 29 x 1

HCF = 1

LCM = 17 x 23 x 29 = 11339

(iii) 8, 9 and 25

Solution 3 (iii): 8, 9 and 25

8 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 1

9 = 3 x 3 x 1

25 = 5 x 5 x 1

HCF = 1

LCM = 8 x 9 x 25 = 1800

Question 4: Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657). 

Solution 4: 306 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 17

657 = 3 x 3 x 73

HCF = 9

LCM = 9 x 34 x 73 = 22338

Question 5: Check whether 6ⁿ can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.

Solution 5: In order to check whether 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n, let us find the factors of 6.  

It’s seen that the factors of 6 are 2 and 3.  

So, 6ⁿ = (2 x 3)ⁿ  

6ⁿ =2ⁿ x 3ⁿ  

Since, the prime factorization of 6 does not contain 5 and 2 as its factor, together. 

We can thus conclude that 6ⁿ can never end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.

Question 6: Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are composite numbers.

Solution 6: So, basically there are two types of numbers i.e., prime numbers and composite numbers.  

Understanding that,  

Prime numbers are those numbers having 1 and the number itself as factors.  

Composite numbers are those numbers having factors other than 1 and itself.  

7 x 11 x 13 + 13 = 13[7 x 11 + 1] = 13(77 + 1) = 13 x 78 = 13 x 2 x 3 x 13 = 2 x 3 x 13 x 13 

2, 3 and 13 are prime numbers. 

So according to the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, every composite number can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime numbers. 

So, this is a composite number 

Similarly 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 + 5 = 5[7 x 6 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 + 1] = 5(1008 + 1) = 5 x 1009 

5 and 1009 are prime numbers. 

So according to the fundamental theorem of arithmetic is a composite number.

Question 7: There is a circular path around a sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive one round of the field, while Ravi takes 12 minutes for the same. Suppose they both start at the same point and at the same time, and go in the same direction. After how many minutes will they meet again at the starting point?

Solution 7: Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive one round of the field.  

Ravi takes 12 minutes for the same.  

If they both started at the same point and at the same time and in the same direction then the time taken by them to meet again at the starting point is the LCM of 18 and 12.  

18 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 3²  

12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 2² × 3  

∴ L.C.M. = 2² × 3²  = 36 

∴ After 36 minutes, they both meet at the same point.