How many articles in indian constitution?

How Many Articles are There in the Indian Constitution?

Introduction

The Indian Constitution is one of the most comprehensive and detailed constitutions in the world. It serves as the supreme law of the land, outlining the fundamental principles, rights, and duties of Indian citizens. As a document of immense significance, it is essential to understand its structure and content. In this article, we will explore the question, "How many articles are there in the Indian Constitution?" We will provide you with a detailed breakdown of the articles and offer insights into the topics covered by them.

Understanding the Articles of the Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution is composed of a preamble, articles, schedules, and amendments. The articles form the core of the Constitution and are organized into different parts and chapters. Each article addresses a specific aspect of governance, rights, or institutions. Let's delve into the details:

Article	Aspect
1	Name and territory of the Union
2	Admission or establishment of new states
3	Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states
4	Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters
5	Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution
6	Rights of citizenship
7	Rights of citizenship of migrants to Pakistan
8	Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India
9	Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign state not to be citizens
10	Continuance of the rights of citizenship
11	Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law
12	Definition of the term "State"
13	Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
14	Equality before law and equal protection of laws
15	Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth
16	Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
17	Abolition of untouchability
18	Abolition of titles
19	Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
20	Protection in respect of conviction for offenses
21	Protection of life and personal liberty
22	Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
23	Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor
24	Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
25	Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion
26	Freedom to manage religious affairs
27	Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
28	Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
29	Protection of interests of minorities
30	Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
31	Repealed
32	Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part
33	Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part
34	Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
35	Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part
36	Definitions
37	Application of the principles contained in this Part
38	State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
39	Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
40	Organization of village panchayats
41	Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases
42	Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
43	Living wage, etc., for workers
44	Uniform civil code for the citizens
45	Provision for free and compulsory education for children
46	Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other weaker sections
47	Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
48	Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
49	Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
50	Separation of judiciary from executive
51	Promotion of international peace and security
51A	Fundamental duties
52	Definition of "States"
53	Executive power of the Union
54	Election of President
55	Manner of election of President
56	Term of office of President
57	Eligibility for re-election
58	Qualifications for election as President
59	Conditions of President's office
60	Oath or affirmation by the President
61	Procedure for impeachment of the President
62	Time of holding the election of President
63	The Vice-President of India
64	The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States
65	The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office of President
66	Election of Vice-President
67	Term of office of Vice-President
68	Time of holding the election of Vice-President
69	Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President
70	Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies
71	Matters relating to or connected with the election of a President or Vice-President
72	Power of President to grant pardons, etc.
73	Extent of the executive power of the Union
74	Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President
75	Other provisions as to Ministers
76	Attorney General for India
77	Conduct of business of the Government of India
78	Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
79	Constitution of Parliament
80	Composition of the Council of States
81	Composition of the House of the People
82	Readjustment after each census
83	Duration of Houses of Parliament
84	Qualification for membership of Parliament
85	Sessions of Parliament, prorogation, and dissolution
86	Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
87	Special address by the President
88	Rights of Ministers and Attorney General as respects Houses
89	The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States
90	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
91	Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
92	The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
93	Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
94	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
95	Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
96	The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
97	Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker
98	Secretariat of Parliament
99	Oath or affirmation by members
100	Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies, etc.
101	Vacation of seats
102	Disqualifications for membership
103	Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
104	Penalty for sitting and voting before making the oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified
105	Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
106	Salaries and allowances of members
107	Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
108	Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
109	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
110	Definition of "Money Bills"
111	Assent to Bills, etc., by the President
112	Annual financial statement
113	Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
114	Appropriation Bills
115	Supplementary, additional or excess grants
116	Votes on account, votes of credit, and exceptional grants
117	Special provisions as to financial Bills
118	Rules of procedure
119	Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
120	Language to be used in Parliament
121	Restriction on discussion in Parliament
122	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
123	Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
124	Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court
125	Salaries, etc., of Judges of the Supreme Court
126	Appointment of acting Chief Justice
127	Appointment of ad hoc Judges
128	Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court
129	Supreme Court to be a court of record
130	Seat of Supreme Court
131	Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
132	Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
133	Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases
134	Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
135	Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court
136	Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
137	Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
138	Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
139	Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs
140	Ancillary powers of Supreme Court
141	Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
142	Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
143	Power of President to consult Supreme Court
144	Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
145	Rules of court, etc.
146	Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court
147	Interpretation
148	Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
149	Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
150	Form of accounts of the Union and of the States and audit of such accounts
151	Audit reports
152	Application of provisions relating to the Comptroller and Auditor-General to the accounts of the Union and of the States
153	The Public Service Commissions
154	Appointment of Governor
155	Appointment of Governor in certain States
156	Term of office of Governor
157	Qualifications for appointment as Governor
158	Conditions of Governor's office
159	Oath or affirmation by the Governor
160	Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
161	Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc.
162	Extent of executive power of the State
163	Council of Ministers to aid and advise the Governor
164	Other provisions as to Ministers
165	Advocate-General for the State
166	Conduct of business of the Government of a State
167	Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the Governor, etc.
168	Constitution of Legislatures in States
169	Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
170	Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
171	Composition of Legislative Councils
172	Duration of State Legislatures
173	Qualification for membership of the State Legislature
174	Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation, and dissolution
175	Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
176	Special address by the Governor
177	Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
178	The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
179	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman
180	Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
181	The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
182	Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
183	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
184	Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
185	The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
186	Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker
187	Secretariat of State Legislature
188	Oath or affirmation by members
189	Vacation of seats
190	Disqualifications for membership
191	Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
192	Penalty for sitting and voting before making the oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified
193	Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
194	Salaries and allowances of members
195	Powers, privileges, etc., of the Council of States and of the members and committees thereof
196	Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills in the Legislative Council
197	Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills
198	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
199	Definition of "Money Bills"
200	Assent to Bills, etc., by the Governor
201	Bills reserved for consideration
202	Annual financial statement
203	Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates
204	Appropriation Bills
205	Supplementary, additional or excess grants
206	Votes on account, votes of credit, and exceptional grants
207	Special provisions as to financial Bills
208	Rules of procedure
209	Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business
210	Language to be used in the Legislature
211	Restriction on discussion in the Legislature
212	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature
213	Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
214	High Courts for States
215	High Courts to be courts of record
216	Constitution of High Courts
217	Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court
218	Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts
219	Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts
220	Jurisdiction of existing High Courts and of the Supreme Court
221	Judges of High Courts to be appointed by the President
222	Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another
223	Appointment of acting Chief Justice
224	Appointment of additional and acting Judges
225	Jurisdiction of existing High Courts
226	Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
227	Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court
228	Transfer of certain cases to High Court
229	Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts
230	Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories
231	Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
232	Appointment of High Court Judges
233	Appointment of district judges
234	Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service
235	Control over subordinate courts
236	Interpretation
237	Application to Union territories
238	Existing law and laws passed by the Legislature
239	Administration of Union territories
239A	Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories
239AA	Special provisions with respect to Delhi
239AB	Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery
239B	Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
240	Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories
241	High Courts for Union territories
242	High Courts to be courts of record
243	Gram Sabha
243A	Gram Sabha to be constituted in every village
243B	Constitution of Panchayats
243C	Composition of Panchayats
243D	Reservation of seats
243E	Duration of Panchayats
243F	Disqualifications for membership
243G	Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats
243H	Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats
243-I	Constitution of Finance Commission
243J	Audit of accounts of Panchayats
243K	Elections to the Panchayats
243L	Application to Union territories
243M	Part not to apply to certain areas
243N	Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats
243-O	Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
243P	Definitions
244	Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas
244A	Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor
245	Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
246	Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
247	Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts
248	Residuary powers of legislation
249	Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest
250	Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
251	Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States
252	Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State
253	Legislation for giving effect to international agreements
254	Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States
255	Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only
256	Obligation of States and the Union
257	Control of the Union over States in certain cases
258	Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases
258A	Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union
259	High Courts for Union territories
260	Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India
261	Public acts, records and judicial proceedings
262	Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys
263	Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council
264	Interpretation
265	Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law
266	Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States
267	Contingency Fund
268	Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States
269	Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States
270	Taxes levied and collected by the Union and distributed between the Union and the States
271	Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union
272	Taxes on inter-State sales and purchases
273	Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products
274	Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested
275	Grants from the Union to certain States
276	Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments
277	Savings.
278	Calculation of "net proceeds", etc.
279	Calculation of "net proceeds", etc.
280	Finance Commission
281	Recommendations of the Finance Commission
282	Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues
283	Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts
284	Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts
285	Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation
286	Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods
287	Exemption from taxes on electricity
288	Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases
289	Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation
290	Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions
291	Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods
292	Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on inter-State trade or commerce
293	Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases
294	Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases
295	Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases
296	Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia
297	Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union
298	Power to carry on trade, etc.
299	Contracts
300	Suits and proceedings
301	Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse
302	Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse
303	Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce
304	Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States
305	Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies
306	Appropriate Legislature for laws as to the right of water in inter-State rivers or river valleys
307	Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304
308	Interpretation
309	Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
310	Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
311	Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
312	All-India Services
313	Transitional provisions
314	Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the provisions of this Constitution relating to the Public Service Commission for the Union
315	Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
316	Appointment and term of office of members
317	Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
318	Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
319	Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members
320	Functions of Public Service Commissions
321	Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
322	Expenses of Public Service Commissions
323	Reports of Public Service Commissions
323A	Administrative tribunals
323B	Tribunals for other matters
324	Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
325	No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
326	Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
327	Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures
328	Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature
329	Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
329A	Special provisions as to elections to Parliament
330	Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People
331	Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People
332	Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
333	Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
334	Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after forty years
335	Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts
336	Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services
337	Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community
338	National Commission for Scheduled Castes
338A	National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
339	Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes
340	Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes
341	Scheduled Castes
342	Scheduled Tribes
343	Official language of the Union
344	Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language
345	Official language or languages of a State
346	Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union
347	Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State
348	Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
349	Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language
350	Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances
350A	Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at the primary stage
350B	Special Officer for linguistic minorities
351	Directive for development of the Hindi language
352	Proclamation of Emergency
353	Effect of Proclamation of Emergency
354	Application of provisions relating to the distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
355	Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance
356	Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States
357	Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356
358	Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies
359	Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies
359A	[Repealed.]
360	Provisions as to financial emergency
361	Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs
361A	[Repealed.]
362	[Repealed.]
363	Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
363A	Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
364	Definitions
365	Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union
366	Definitions
367	Interpretation
368	Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor
369	Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List
370	Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir
371	Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat
371A	Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
371B	Special provision with respect to the State of Assam
371C	Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur
371D	Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh
371E	Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
371F	Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim
371G	Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
371H	Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh
371-I	Special provision with respect to the State of Goa
371J	Special provision with respect to the State of Karnataka
371K	Establishment of Central University in Karnataka
372	Continuance in force of existing laws
372A	Power of the President to adapt laws
373	Power of President to make order in relation to the Public Services of the Union
374	Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council
375	Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution
376	Provisions as to Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts
377	Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
378	Interpretation
378A	Special provision as to length of Legislative Assembly of Sikkim
379	Constitution of a committee of the Privy Council for making reports and recommendations as to the necessity of making, or of continuing, provision for the administration of any tribal area
380	Power of President to make regulations for certain tribal areas
381	Provisions in Fifth Schedule to apply to the administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes
382	Power of Governor to make regulations as to elections to autonomous districts
383	Power of Governor to convene a meeting of a District Council and to dissolve the District Council or any regional council
384	Provisions as to the administration of tribal areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram
385	[Repealed.]
386	[Repealed.]
387	Special provision as to Manipur
388	Protection of interests of Scheduled Tribes
389	Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes

Please note that this is just a small excerpt from the extensive list of articles in the Indian Constitution. The Constitution consists of a total of 470 articles, covering various aspects of governance, fundamental rights, directive principles, and more.

FAQs about the Indian Constitution

FAQ 1: How many articles are there in the Indian Constitution?

The Indian Constitution originally had 395 articles, which were adopted in 1950. Over time, several amendments have been made, resulting in the current count of 470 articles.

FAQ 2: What is the significance of the Indian Constitution?

The Indian Constitution serves as the guiding framework for the governance of India. It enshrines the fundamental rights of citizens, establishes the structure of the government, and defines the powers and limitations of various institutions.

FAQ 3: How can one access the full text of the Indian Constitution?

The full text of the Indian Constitution is available on the official website of the Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. It can also be accessed through various legal databases and libraries.

FAQ 4: Are there any special provisions for the protection of minority rights in the Indian Constitution?

Yes, the Indian Constitution includes provisions to safeguard the rights of religious and linguistic minorities. These provisions aim to promote equality, freedom, and cultural preservation.

FAQ 5: Can the Indian Constitution be amended?

Yes, the Indian Constitution can be amended through a detailed process outlined in Article 368. Amendments require the support of two-thirds of the members present and voting in each house of Parliament.

FAQ 6: What is the importance of fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution?

Fundamental rights are crucial for protecting individual liberties and ensuring equality in society. They grant citizens certain inviolable rights and serve as a check on the power of the state.

Conclusion

The Indian Constitution, with its extensive collection of articles, lays the foundation for the governance and rights of the Indian people. It reflects the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. Understanding the articles of the Constitution is essential to grasp the rights and duties bestowed upon Indian citizens. We hope this article has provided you with valuable insights into the structure and content of the Indian Constitution.