Name two genetic disorders and explain the type of mutation that causes each.

There are many different genetic disorders that can be caused by a variety of different types of mutations in DNA. Here are two examples of genetic disorders and the type of mutation that causes each:

Cystic fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. It is caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The mutation results in the production of a faulty version of the CFTR protein, which leads to problems with the movement of salt and water in and out of cells.

Down syndrome: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This extra copy of the chromosome results in the production of excess copies of certain genes, which leads to the physical and cognitive abnormalities characteristic of Down syndrome. Down syndrome is caused by a type of chromosomal mutation called trisomy, in which there are three copies of a chromosome rather than the normal two copies.

Related Post: Explain various types of genetic disorders.

These are just two examples of the many different genetic disorders that can be caused by various types of mutations in DNA.