Yes, the presence of a substance in a pure solvent (such as water) can lower the freezing point and increase the melting point of the solvent. This phenomenon is known as freezing point depression and melting point elevation, respectively.
Freezing point depression occurs when a substance is added to a pure solvent, resulting in a decrease in the freezing point of the solvent. The presence of the substance disrupts the orderly arrangement of the solvent molecules, making it more difficult for them to form the solid phase. As a result, the solvent needs to be cooled to a lower temperature before it will freeze.
Melting point elevation occurs when a substance is added to a pure solvent, resulting in an increase in the melting point of the solvent. The presence of the substance again disrupts the orderly arrangement of the solvent molecules, making it more difficult for them to transition from the solid to the liquid phase. As a result, the solvent needs to be heated to a higher temperature before it will melt.
The magnitude of the freezing point depression or melting point elevation depends on the concentration of the substance in the solvent and on the properties of the substance itself. For example, a substance with a high molecular weight or a high vapor pressure will typically have a greater effect on the freezing or melting point of a solvent than a substance with a low molecular weight or a low vapor pressure.
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